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After his father's
disastrous reign, Edward III was left with the grueling task of
bringing glory back to England. The monarchy was tarnished--his
mother, Queen Isabella had deposed her husband, King Edward II,
placed her son on the throne, made herself regent and allowed her
lover, Roger Mortimer, Earl of Chirk, to rule in her stead. The
English military campaigns were soiled with defeat and the taint
of his father's cowardice--Edward II had actually ran away in a
battle with the Scots. And, the English nation's aristocratic
morale was at al all-time low--Edward II had ravaged the country's
treasury, confiscated lands and titles, all to shower on his male
lover "du jour". With such a daunting state of the realm, it
would have been easy to fall in his kingship, but Edward III was a
man with a mission and failure was not an option.
Edward's first active duty
of kingship was to marry his betrothed, the young but sensible
Phillipa of Hainault. The second, was to present the realm with
an heir, Edward of Woodstock on June 25, 1330. Seemingly aware of
the need for a wholesome family image, Edward and Phillipa gave
every impression of being totally devoted to each other. More
importantly, they were totally devoted to re-establishing the
nation's pride in their regal king and beneficent queen (even in
later years, when the first dew was long off the marriage rose,
Edward outwardly preserved the sanctity of the royal marriage).
After his son's birth,
Edward then turned his attention to wresting control of the throne
from his mother and her lover. On the night of October 19, 1330,
Edward, with the help of loyal friends, seized Mortimer from the
Queen Regent's bed, charged him with treason (and other assorted
crimes) and effectively took charge of the government. On October
29, 1330, Mortimer was hanged as a common criminal at Tyburn. The
Queen Mother was consigned to a comfortable retirement at Castle
Rising with an annual income of 4000 pounds a year. And Edward
was now, truly, the King of England.
With peace in the
realms, his nobles united, Edward concentrated on building a
well-armed, well-trained fighting machine. Rigorous training was
a part of every nobleman and his retainers' daily routine. Even
the peasants became experts with the longbow--a skill which would
turn the tide of future battles in favor of the English army.
Raised on the stories of his grandfather's military genius and
prowess, Edward found and ingenious strategy for restoring a
proud, proficient presence in the Medieval world--he revived the
Arthurian ideals of chivalry and honor.
On January 1, 1344,
invitations for a New Year's tournament were sent out across the
continent. Since he was at peace (for the moment) with the Scots
and the French--they were invited, too. On January 19, 1344 the
guests started arriving--awed by the splendor and majesty of the
King and his court. During the magnificent tournament, Edward
vowed on the Bible, to begin a round table, just as the ancient
warrior, King Arthur had done. Six earls confirmed the vow. On
August 26, 1346, that ideal was fulfilled in the stunning English
victory at the Battle of Crecy, and the inspired knighting of the
Prince of Wales on the battlefield. Once again, England was
military force to be feared.
Through the spoils of
war, Edward was able to refill the bankrupt treasury. Heavily
ransomed prisoners, brought fortunes in gold coin to their noble
captors--who, in turn, paid a handsome tithe to the King.
Prosperity seemed to wreath the kingdom--Edward and Phillipa were
never without their fine clothing, lush living quarters and lavish
court banquets that boasted endless food, revelries and drink. If
the conquering heroes were well rewarded, Edward's loyal friends
were more so. Yet, Edward was discreet with his aristocratic
rewards. No noble friend of the realm seemed to rise too fast in
riches and the King's esteem, lest other nobles saw a patterns of
the old days surfacing and let their jealousy wreak havoc on the
newly stable kingdom.
Edward's England now
seemed as rich as it was powerful, the monarchy now as strong as
the elegant, heroic king who controlled the reins of the
government. The country as sound as the noble, wise queen who
ruled over their hearts as devotedly as she ruled Edward's heart.
And if it was all an illusion--the military success, the regal
splendor of the King and Queen, the national pride bursting out of
every shire and borough--who cared? After all, in many cases,
perception is reality. |